Changes: V6

Revision as of 05:50, 22 March 2017

IC engine — Example of a 24 valve, dual overhead camshagt (DOHC) V6

A V6 engine is a six cylinder engine, with the cylinders arranged in a "V" shape, with three on each side. The banks are often set at 60 or 90 degree angles to each other. It is one of the most compact engine configurations, as it is shorter than an inline 4-cylinder, and smaller overall than a V8. The size advantage makes it suitable for turbocharging, allowing room for items like the compressor and intercooler.

Racing use

File:Mercedes V6 DTM Rennmotor 1996.png

Mercedes-Benz V6 DTM engine

Formula One teams who used V6 engines

Team	Years
AGS	1986
Benetton	1986–1987
Ferrari	1958–1964, 1966, 1981–1988
Forti	1995–1996
Ligier	1984–1986
Lola	1986
Lotus	1983–1988
Minardi	1986
McLaren	1983–1988
Renault	1977–1985
Spirit	1983
Tyrrell	1985–1986
Williams	1983–1987

Note: Since 2014, all teams are using turbo-powered V6 engines.

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 [[file:IC engine.JPG|thumb|right|Example of a 24 valve, dual overhead camshagt (DOHC) V6]]
+A '''V6''' engine is a six cylinder engine, with the cylinders arranged in a "V" shape, with three on each side. The banks are often set at 60 or 90 degree angles to each other. It is one of the most compact engine configurations, as it is shorter than an inline 4-cylinder, and smaller overall than a [[V8]]. The size advantage makes it suitable for turbocharging, allowing room for items like the compressor and intercooler.
-A '''V6''' engine is a [[V engine]] with six cylinders mounted on the crankshaft in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a 60 or 90 degree angle to each other. The V6 is one of the most compact engine configurations, usually ranging from 2.0 L to 4.3 L displacement (however, much larger examples have been produced for use in trucks), shorter than the [[inline 4]] and more compact than the [[V8|V8 engine]]. Because of its short length, the V6 fits well in the widely used [[transverse engine]] [[front-wheel drive]] layout. It is becoming more common as the space allowed for engines in modern cars is reduced at the same time as power requirements increase, and has largely replaced the [[inline 6]], which is nearly twice as long - too long to fit in many modern engine compartments - and the V8, which is larger, more expensive, and has poorer fuel economy. The V6 engine has become widely adopted for medium-sized cars, often as an optional engine where an inline 4 is standard, or as a standard engine where a V8 is a higher-cost performance option.
+<!--A '''V6''' engine is a [[V engine]] with six cylinders mounted on the crankshaft in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a 60 or 90 degree angle to each other. The V6 is one of the most compact engine configurations, usually ranging from 2.0 L to 4.3 L displacement (however, much larger examples have been produced for use in trucks), shorter than the [[inline 4]] and more compact than the [[V8|V8 engine]]. Because of its short length, the V6 fits well in the widely used [[transverse engine]] front-wheel drive layout. It is becoming more common as the space allowed for engines in modern cars is reduced at the same time as power requirements increase, and has largely replaced the [[inline 6]], which is nearly twice as long - too long to fit in many modern engine compartments - and the V8, which is larger, more expensive, and has poorer fuel economy. The V6 engine has become widely adopted for medium-sized cars, often as an optional engine where an inline 4 is standard, or as a standard engine where a V8 is a higher-cost performance option.-->
 ==Racing use==
 [[File:Mercedes V6 DTM Rennmotor 1996.png|right|thumb|Mercedes-Benz V6 DTM engine]]
-The V6 engine was introduced into racing by [[Lancia]] in the early 1950s. After good results with privately entered Aurelia saloons Lancia set a works competition department in 1951. Four B20 Coupes were entered in the '51 Mille Miglia and the one driven by [[Giovanni Bracco]] and [[Umberto Maglioli]] caused quite a stir by finishing second overally after the 4.1-litre Ferrari driven by Villoresi and Cassani, a car which had three times more power than the Lancia. After that encouraging start Lancia decided to carry on with the endurance racing program, first with specially prepared Aurelias (called ''Da Corsa'') and then with specially built prototypes. A D24 with a 3,102 cc (189 cu in) V6 making 230 PS (170 kW) won the 1953 Carrera Panamericana with [[Juan Manuel Fangio]] at the wheel.
+<!--The V6 engine was introduced into racing by [[Lancia]] in the early 1950s. After good results with privately entered Aurelia saloons Lancia set a works competition department in 1951. Four B20 Coupes were entered in the '51 Mille Miglia and the one driven by [[Giovanni Bracco]] and [[Umberto Maglioli]] caused quite a stir by finishing second overally after the 4.1-litre Ferrari driven by Villoresi and Cassani, a car which had three times more power than the Lancia. After that encouraging start Lancia decided to carry on with the endurance racing program, first with specially prepared Aurelias (called ''Da Corsa'') and then with specially built prototypes. A D24 with a 3,102 cc (189 cu in) V6 making 230 PS (170 kW) won the 1953 Carrera Panamericana with [[Juan Manuel Fangio]] at the wheel.
 After that came the {{Ferrari-ENG}} Dino V6. [[Alfredo Ferrari]] (nicknamed Dino), son of [[Enzo Ferrari]], suggested to him the development of a 1.5&nbsp;L [[DOHC]] V6 engine for [[Formula Two]] at the end of 1955. The Dino V6 underwent several evolutions, including an increased engine displacement to 2,417 cc (147 cu in), for use in the [[Ferrari 246 F1|Ferrari 246]] [[Formula One]] car in 1958.<ref>[http://www.f1technical.net/f1db/cars/116 Ferrari 246 F1] on [http://www.f1technical.net/ www.f1technical.net]</ref><ref>[http://www.allf1.info/engines/ferrari.php Ferrari engines] on [http://www.allf1.info/ www.allf1.info]</ref>
-The use of a wide 120° bank angle is appealing for racing engine designers as it permits a low [[center of gravity]]. This design is even considered superior to the [[flat-6]] in that it leaves more space under the engine for exhaust pipes; thus the crankshaft can be placed lower in the car. The [[Ferrari 156]] built for new Formula One 1.5&nbsp;L regulations used a Dino V6 engine with this configuration.<ref>[http://www.f1technical.net/f1db/cars/148 Ferrari Dino 156 F1] on [http://www.f1technical.net/ www.f1technical.net]</ref>
+The use of a wide 120° bank angle is appealing for racing engine designers as it permits a low center of gravity. This design is even considered superior to the [[flat-6]] in that it leaves more space under the engine for exhaust pipes; thus the crankshaft can be placed lower in the car. The [[Ferrari 156]] built for new Formula One 1.5&nbsp;L regulations used a Dino V6 engine with this configuration.<ref>[http://www.f1technical.net/f1db/cars/148 Ferrari Dino 156 F1] on [http://www.f1technical.net/ www.f1technical.net]</ref>
-The Dino V6 engine saw a new evolution in 1966 when it was adapted to road use and produced by a Ferrari-Fiat joint-venture for the Fiat Dino and Dino 206 GT (this car was made by Ferrari but sold under the brand Dino). This new version was redesigned by [[Aurelio Lampredi]] initially as a 65° {{convert|2.0|L|cuin|abbr=on}} V6 with an aluminum block but was replaced in 1969 by a {{convert|2.4|L|cuin|abbr=on}} cast-iron block version (the Dino car was renamed the 246GT).
+The Dino V6 engine saw a new evolution in 1966 when it was adapted to road use and produced by a Ferrari-Fiat joint-venture for the Fiat Dino and Dino 206 GT (this car was made by Ferrari but sold under the brand Dino). This new version was redesigned by [[Aurelio Lampredi]] initially as a 65° 2.0 L (122 cu in) V6 with an aluminum block but was replaced in 1969 by a 2.4 L (146 cu in) cast-iron block version (the Dino car was renamed the 246GT).
-The Fiat Dino and Dino 246GT were phased out in 1974, but 500 engines among the last built were delivered to [[Lancia]], who was like Ferrari already under the control of [[Fiat]]. Lancia used them for the [[Lancia Stratos]] which would become one of the most successful [[Rallying|rally]] cars of the decade.
+The Fiat Dino and Dino 246GT were phased out in 1974, but 500 engines among the last built were delivered to [[Lancia]], who was like Ferrari already under the control of [[Fiat]]. Lancia used them for the Lancia Stratos, which would become one of the most successful rally cars of the decade.
 [[File:GTAengine32.jpg|right|thumb|Alfa Romeo V6]]
-The [[Alfa Romeo V6 engine|Alfa Romeo V6]] was designed in the 1970s by [[Giuseppe Busso]], the first car to use them being the [[Alfa Romeo 6]]. The over-square V6, with aluminium alloy block and heads, has seen continuous use in road vehicles, from the [[Alfa Romeo GTV6|Alfetta GTV6]] onwards. The 164 introduced a {{convert|3.0|L|cuin|abbr=on}} V6, a 2.0 V6 turbocharged in 1991 and in 1992, a 3.0&nbsp;L DOHC 24-valve version. The [[Alfa Romeo 156|Alfa 156]] introduced a 2.5&nbsp;L DOHC 24-valve version in 1997. The engine capacity was later increased to {{convert|3.2|L|cuin|abbr=on}}, where it found application in the 156 GTA, 147 GTA, 166, GT, GTV and Spider 916. Production was discontinued in 2005.
+The [[Alfa Romeo V6 engine|Alfa Romeo V6]] was designed in the 1970s by [[Giuseppe Busso]], the first car to use them being the Alfa Romeo 6. The over-square V6, with aluminium alloy block and heads, has seen continuous use in road vehicles, from the Alfetta GTV6 onwards. The 164 introduced a 3.0 L (183 cu in) V6, a 2.0 V6 turbocharged in 1991 and in 1992, a 3.0&nbsp;L DOHC 24-valve version. The Alfa 156 introduced a 2.5&nbsp;L DOHC 24-valve version in 1997. The engine capacity was later increased to 3.2 L (195 cu in), where it found application in the 156 GTA, 147 GTA, 166, GT, GTV and Spider 916. Production was discontinued in 2005.
-A notable racing use of the V6 engine was the Alfa Romeo [[Alfa Romeo 155#155 V6 TI|155 V6 TI]], designed for the [[1993 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft season]] and equipped with a {{convert|2.5|L|cuin|abbr=on}} engine making a peak power of {{convert|490|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} at 11,900 rpm.
+A notable racing use of the V6 engine was the Alfa Romeo [[Alfa Romeo 155#155 V6 TI|155 V6 TI]], designed for the 1993 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft season and equipped with a 2.5 L (152 cu in) engine making a peak power of {{convert|490|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} at 11,900 rpm.
-Another influential V6 design was the [[Renault]]-[[Gordini]] CH1 V6, designed by [[François Castaing]] and [[Jean-Pierre Boudy]], and introduced in 1973 in the [[Alpine (car)|Alpine]]-Renault A440. The CH1 was a 90° [[cast-iron]]-block V6, similar to the mass-produced PRV engine in those two respects but otherwise dissimilar. It has been suggested that marketing purposes made the Renault-Gordini V6 adopt those characteristics of the PRV in the hope of associating the two in the public's mind.
+Another influential V6 design was the [[Renault]]-[[Gordini]] CH1 V6, designed by [[François Castaing]] and [[Jean-Pierre Boudy]], and introduced in 1973 in the Alpine-Renault A440. The CH1 was a 90° cast-iron-block V6, similar to the mass-produced PRV engine in those two respects but otherwise dissimilar. It has been suggested that marketing purposes made the Renault-Gordini V6 adopt those characteristics of the PRV in the hope of associating the two in the public's mind.
-Despite such considerations, this engine won the European 2&nbsp;L prototype championship in 1974 and several European [[Formula Two]] titles. This engine was further developed in a turbocharged 2&nbsp;L version that competed in Sports car and finally won the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] in 1978 with a Renault-Alpine A 442 chassis.
+Despite such considerations, this engine won the European 2&nbsp;L prototype championship in 1974 and several European [[Formula Two]] titles. This engine was further developed in a turbocharged 2&nbsp;L version that competed in Sports car and finally won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1978 with a Renault-Alpine A442 chassis.
-The capacity of this engine was reduced to 1.5&nbsp;L to power the Formula One Renault RS01. Despite frequent breakdowns that resulted in the nickname of the 'Little Yellow Teapot', the 1.5&nbsp;L finally saw good results in 1979.
+The capacity of this engine was reduced to 1.5&nbsp;L to power the [[Formula One]] {{Renault-CON}} [[Renault RS01|RS01]]. Despite frequent breakdowns that resulted in the nickname of the 'Little Yellow Teapot', the 1.5&nbsp;L finally saw good results in 1979.
 Ferrari followed Renault in the turbo revolution by introducing a turbocharged derivative of the Dino design (a 1.5&nbsp;L 120° V6) with the Ferrari 126.<ref>[http://www.f1technical.net/f1db/cars/469 Ferrari 126CK] on [http://www.f1technical.net/ www.f1technical.net]</ref> However, the 120° design was not considered optimal for the [[Ground effect in cars|wing cars]] of the era and later engines used V angles of 90° or less.
-Both Renault and Ferrari failed in their attempt to win the Drivers' Championship with V6 Turbo engines. The first turbocharged engine to win the championship was the [[Straight-4]] [[BMW]].
+Both Renault and Ferrari failed in their attempt to win the Drivers' Championship with V6 Turbo engines. The first turbocharged engine to win the championship was the [[Straight-4]] {{BMW-ENG}}.
 They were followed by a new generation of Formula One engines, the most successful of these being the TAG V6 (designed by [[Porsche]]) and the [[Honda]] V6. This new generation of engines were characterized by odd V angles (around 80°). The choice of these angles was mainly driven by aerodynamic consideration. Despite their unbalanced designs these engines were both quickly reliable and competitive; this is generally viewed as a consequence of the quick progress of CAD techniques in that era.
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 [[Nissan]] also has a quite successful history of using V6's for racing in both [[IMSA (racing)|IMSA]] and the [[JGTC]]. Development of their V6s for sports cars began in the early 1980s with the [[Nissan VG engine|VG engine]] initially used in the [[Nissan Z31|Z31 300ZX]]. The engine began life as a SOHC, turbocharged 3.0L power plant with electronic fuel injection, delivering {{convert|230|PS|0|abbr=on}}. The [[Nissan VG engine#VG30ET|VG30ET]] was later revised into the [[Nissan VG engine#VG30DETT|VG30DETT]] for the [[Z32|Z32 300ZX]] in 1989. The [[Nissan VG engine#VG30DETT|VG30DETT]] sported both an additional turbocharger and an extra pair of camshafts, making the engine a genuine DOHC twin-turbo V6 producing {{convert|300|PS|0|abbr=on}}. Nissan used both of these engines in its IMSA racing program throughout the 1980s and 1990s each producing well over {{convert|800|hp|abbr=on}}. In the Japan Grand Touring Car Championship, or [[JGTC]], Nissan opted for a turbocharged version of its [[Nissan VQ engine#VQ30DETT|VQ30]] making upwards of {{convert|500|hp|abbr=on}} to compete in the GT500 class.
-The V6 turbo engine was revived for the [[2014 Formula One season]], and V6 turbos have been used in the IndyCar Series since 2012, with Chevrolet and {{Honda-ENG}} currently supplying the engines.
+The V6 turbo engine was revived for the [[2014 Formula One Season|2014 Formula One season]], and V6 turbos have been used in the IndyCar Series since 2012, with Chevrolet and {{Honda-ENG}} currently supplying the engines.-->
+==Formula One teams who used V6 engines==
+{| class=wikitable
+|-
+!Team
+!Years
+|-
+|{{FRA}} {{AGS-CON}}
+|{{F1|1986}}
+|-
+|{{GBR}} {{Benetton-CON}}
+|{{F1|1986}}–{{F1|1987}}
+|-
+|{{ITA}} {{Ferrari-CON}}
+|{{F1|1958}}–{{F1|1964}}, {{F1|1966}}, {{F1|1981}}–{{F1|1988}}
+|-
+|{{ITA}} {{Forti-CON}}
+|{{F1|1995}}–{{F1|1996}}
+|-
+|{{FRA}} {{Ligier-CON}}
+|{{F1|1984}}–{{F1|1986}}
+|-
+|{{USA}} {{Haas Lola-CON}}
+|{{F1|1986}}
+|-
+|{{GBR}} {{Team Lotus-CON}}
+|{{F1|1983}}–{{F1|1988}}
+|-
+|{{ITA}} {{Minardi-CON}}
+|{{F1|1986}}
+|-
+|{{GBR}} {{McLaren-CON}}
+|{{F1|1983}}–{{F1|1988}}
+|-
+|{{FRA}} {{Renault-CON}}
+|{{F1|1977}}–{{F1|1985}}
+|-
+|{{GBR}} {{Spirit-CON}}
+|{{F1|1983}}
+|-
+|{{GBR}} {{Tyrrell-CON}}
+|{{F1|1985}}–{{F1|1986}}
+|-
+|{{GBR}} {{Williams-CON}}
+|{{F1|1983}}–{{F1|1987}}
+|}
+Note: Since 2014, all teams are using turbo-powered V6 engines.
+==Notes==
+<references />
 [[Category:Terminology]]
+[[Category:Engines]]
+[[Category:Engine configuration]]
+[[Category:Engine types]]