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Circuit de Monaco is a temporary street circuit in the Principality of Monaco, known for hosting the Monaco Grand Prix.

History[]

Both the circuit and the race were the brain children of Anthony Noghes, cigarette magnate and founder-president of the Automobile Club de Monaco. He proposed a major auto race for Monaco, to attract tourism to the tiny country. But first he needed a circuit. His tale involved driving for "days on end" around the principality, searching for a suitable course. His travels came to the attention of the local gendarmes, until the Palace quietly "hinted" that they start assisting M. Noghes. Even though he drove over almost every road in the country, he always wanted to highlight the harbor and casino. Plan after plan was discarded, until a friend suggested that Noghes pare back the route to the bare minimum, and work from there.

That bare minimum went uphill on the Avenue d'Ostende, then a quick right onto Avenue de Monte-Carlo. The route passed between the Hotel Monte Carlo, and the eponymous casino, continuing onto Place du Casino and following that around the park and past the building. After the famous hump, the road became Avenue des Spelugues, and that led to another right, and the sharp downhill past the train station. The extremely tight 200° left at the station was judged to be just wide enough for the cars, and further down another right led the cars under the tracks and to the seafront. Back to almost sea level, the cars took another right onto Boulevard Louis II. The initial route followed the boulevard all the way back to Rue de Sainte-Devote, where another hairpin put them back on Avenue d'Ostende.


Circuit de Monaco

Noghes had a circuit, but it had obvious flaws. It was only just over a mile in length, and had little room for pits and spectators. Plus it was cut off from the harbor. A first modification came from adding a chicane by the north breakwater of the harbor, and running the course along the Route de la Piscine back to Ste. Devote. It was an improvement, but more was needed. Another early idea for the course had taken the cars south along the pedestrian Quai Albert 1er to the area known as Rascasse (from the early fishing village days), then east along the harbor and up the hill near the Palace. Noghes realized that his current circuit could go left at Ste. Devote, continue south on the wide boulevard of Albert 1er, then make a right hairpin at Rascasse and head north on the street Boulevard Albert 1er.

It had all fallen into place. The wide pedestrian boulevard could handle the start/finish and pits, with enough room for grandstands. The track was now almost two miles around, long enough to attract the top Grand Prix cars. The first race was held in 1929.

Location[]

The circuit takes six weeks to prepare and three weeks to return to normal. It is laid out on the streets of the Monte Carlo neighbourhood of Monaco, hence its common name Monte Carlo. It runs along two of the three sides of the harbour.

Circuit Design[]

The circuit is very demanding, being a tight twisty circuit with unforgiving walls very close to the cars. The circuit features the slowest corner in the entire championship (the Grand Hotel hairpin is taken at just 50 kph/31 mph). However, because of the tight nature of the circuit, overtaking is rare, usually limited to pit stops.

The circuit also passes through a tunnel which is very difficult for drivers, as there is a quick change from the natural light outside the tunnel to the artificial light inside back to the natural light outside. All this takes place in just a few seconds.

Following the tunnel is a tight left-right chicane. This has been the scene of many big accidents as drivers need to brake hard in order to slow down, Karl Wendlinger and Jenson Button being the most notable victims in 1994 and 2003.

Deaths at the Circuit[]

One death has occurred at the circuit during F1 races. This was Lorenzo Bandini in 1967, who flipped his Ferrari at the chicane, which then caught fire in some straw bales. He died three days later from burns.

Circuit Layouts[]

Previous Layouts[]

1929-1962[]

Monte Carlo 648

1929-1962 layout

This was the original layout, with the pits in an 'island' between the two straights on the west side of the harbor, and the track going up the hill then around the casino, sharply downhill by the old rail depot, then along the waterfront and through the old short tunnel. The start/finish line was on the harbor front, with the field having to navigate the Gazometre corner just after the start. The track measured 3.145 km/1.954 mi.


1963-1971[]

CircuitdeMonaco1950

1963-1971 layout

The only real difference was to move the start/finish line to the city side of the pit straight, making the Gazometre the final corner, instead of the first one. And, over time, guard rails had been replacing hay bales around the perimeter of the circuit. The track length was unchanged.

1972[]

Monaco 1972

1972 layout

In a attempt to increase safety, the pits were moved to the harbor front on the north side of the harbor. Cars entered the pits via the old chicane, which was widened for the purpose. The circuit went straight past the old chicane, with a new chicane roughly 100 m before the Tabac corner. The longer straight before the new chicane meant that speeds made a minor jump, with the pole in 1972 1.8 seconds faster than in 1971. The pits were seen as an improvement, but not optimal.

1973-1975[]

Circuit de Monaco 1973

1973-1975 layout

A combination of the need for improved facilities and a public works project led to the first major changes in the track ever. The construction of a new public swimming pool, along with a new pedestrian promenade along the harbor front, gave the opportunity for a revised track and dedicated pit lane. The chicane (and escape road) was returned to its pre-1972 configuration. The north harbor straight was shortened slightly, as the Tabac corner had been moved to the east. The track ran on the new promenade, with the old roadway just after Tabac now used for grandstands. Almost halfway along the west harbor front, the new public swimming pool (Piscine) had been built, so the track made a sharp left-right jog around the pool, then a right-left back to the promenade. The track now had a short spurt with a slight left curve, then had a sharper left, followed by a 180 degree right around the La Rascasse ("Swordfish") club. A quick hundred meter straight, and then a sweeping right led back onto the old main straight. The new pit lane led off to the right just after the Rascasse club, and used the old harbor front road way, before rejoining the circuit just after start/finish. The track measured 3.278 km./2.037 mi., and was several seconds slower than before, but with a proper pit lane for the first time.

1976-1985[]

Circuit de Monaco 1976

1976-1985 layout

In 1976, the track was lengthened and slowed slightly. At the Anthony Noghes corner just before the main straight, the cars now had to deviate around a traffic island, making for a sharper right turn, followed by a very slight left when entering the straight. An almost mirror image diversion was place at St. Devote, where cars breaking at the end of the straight had to almost brush the barriers on the left, before making another sharp right around a traffic island. This lengthened the lap to 3.312 km./2.058 mi., and increased lap times once again.

Around this time, a new hotel opened where the old railway station was located. The size of the hotel required a more than doubling of the length of the tunnel, which now started about 100m after the track reached the waterfront at Poitier.

1986-1996[]

Monaco 1986

1986-1996 layout

The next update on the safety checklist was the chicane on the north side of the harbor, which had been virtually unchanged (except in 1972) since the race was founded. For 1986, there had been a short new section, built on pilings out over the harbor at a reported cost of one million pounds. At the location of the old chicane, the track made a sharp left, then went back right before a quick left kink rejoined the old circuit. The drivers felt the money was well spent, both in increased safety and in creating a new passing zone. The circuit now measured 3.328 km/2.068 mi.

1997-2002[]

Monaco 1997

1997-2002 layout

In 1997, the first "Piscine" corner was modified: the shifting of the track edge protections improved the visibility for the pilots and allowed a higher speed. This section was also given its own name, Louis Chiron, in honor of the Monagesque driver and former race winner.. A year later (at the request of Pasquale Lattuneddu, chief operating officer of Formula One Management), the whole area of the paddock was surrounded with shatterproof fences, in order to reduce and better manage the people authorized to access them.

2003-2014[]

In 2003, the remaining "Piscine" curve underwent a treatment similar to that of the first curve, with the shifting of the barriers to improve visibility, while the arrangement of new temporary curbs went to slow down the passage of the cars. However, the most important novelty was the widening of the port lane: in this way the segment between "Piscine" and "La Rascasse" could be rectified, becoming faster and less demanding. The extra space also allowed for the installation of new grandstands and the expansion of the pit lane, which was also equipped with semi-permanent and prefabricated two-story buildings (instead of the previous tiny, temporary structures) to better accommodate the teams, the technicians and the material.

Before the 2007 season, the internal curb of the "Grand Hotel" hairpin was significantly lowered and widened, in order to allow the single seaters to climb on it and eventually face the curve with a narrower trajectory.

Monaco 2003

2003-2014 layout

Since the 2003 revision, the traffic divider at the "Sainte Dévote" curve has been removed in order to widen the track: the track design is now left to the curb only. This has meant, for safety reasons, an extension of the exit lane from the pits: in practice, once the "proper" pit lane has been left, the drivers must remain in the yellow line that "cuts" the "Sainte Dévote" corner.

The pit lane was further revised in 2004 by reversing the position of the pits with respect to the lane itself, building a much larger and more welcoming structure. Monte Carlo has thus become the only Formula 1 circuit in which the pits are not facing the track, but rather physically separate it from the pit lane.

In 2011, after some accidents that occurred during the race weekend (the Mexican driver Sergio Pérez suffered a rather serious one), the drivers urged a change in the sector between the exit of the tunnel and the "Nouvelle Chicane", complaining (above all) about the disconnection of the road surface and incorrect positioning of the guard rail in the escape route opposite the tunnel. However, these requests were not immediately followed up, but improvements were made over time.


Current[]

Monaco 2015

Current layout

In 2015 the Tabac curve was re-profiled, slightly anticipating the entrance and thus shortening the track by three meters (from 3.340 km (2.075 mi) to 3.337 km (2.074 mi) today).

Monaco is regarded as the "street circuit with the most elevation change." 42 meters (138 feet) separate Turn 4 (Casino) - the highest point in the circuit - and Turn 17 (La Rascasse) - the lowest point.


Grand Prix Winners at Circuit de Monaco[]

By race[]

Year Driver Constructor Report
1950 Argentina Juan Manuel Fangio Italy Alfa Romeo Report
1955 France Maurice Trintignant Italy Ferrari Report
1956 United Kingdom Stirling Moss Italy Maserati Report
1957 Argentina Juan Manuel Fangio Italy Maserati Report
1958 France Maurice Trintignant United Kingdom Cooper-Climax Report
1959 Australia Jack Brabham United Kingdom Cooper-Climax Report
1960 United Kingdom Stirling Moss United Kingdom Lotus-Climax Report
1961 United Kingdom Stirling Moss United Kingdom Lotus-Climax Report
1962 New Zealand Bruce McLaren United Kingdom Cooper-Climax Report
1963 United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom BRM Report
1964 United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom BRM Report
1965 United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom BRM Report
1966 United Kingdom Jackie Stewart United Kingdom BRM Report
1967 New Zealand Denny Hulme United Kingdom Brabham-Repco Report
1968 United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Lotus-Ford Cosworth Report
1969 United Kingdom Graham Hill United Kingdom Lotus-Ford Cosworth Report
1970 Austria Jochen Rindt United Kingdom Lotus-Ford Cosworth Report
1971 United Kingdom Jackie Stewart United Kingdom Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth Report
1972 France Jean-Pierre Beltoise United Kingdom BRM Report
1973 United Kingdom Jackie Stewart United Kingdom Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth Report
1974 Sweden Ronnie Peterson United Kingdom Lotus-Ford Cosworth Report
1975 Austria Niki Lauda Italy Ferrari Report
1976 Austria Niki Lauda Italy Ferrari Report
1977 South Africa Jody Scheckter United Kingdom Wolf-Ford Cosworth Report
1978 France Patrick Depailler United Kingdom Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth Report
1979 South Africa Jody Scheckter Italy Ferrari Report
1980 Argentina Carlos Reutemann United Kingdom Williams-Ford Cosworth Report
1981 Canada Gilles Villeneuve Italy Ferrari Report
1982 Italy Riccardo Patrese United Kingdom Brabham-Ford Cosworth Report
1983 Finland Keke Rosberg United Kingdom Williams-Ford Cosworth Report
1984 France Alain Prost United Kingdom McLaren-TAG Report
1985 France Alain Prost United Kingdom McLaren-TAG Report
1986 France Alain Prost United Kingdom McLaren-TAG Report
1987 Brazil Ayrton Senna United Kingdom Lotus-Honda Report
1988 France Alain Prost United Kingdom McLaren-Honda Report
1989 Brazil Ayrton Senna United Kingdom McLaren-Honda Report
1990 Brazil Ayrton Senna United Kingdom McLaren-Honda Report
1991 Brazil Ayrton Senna United Kingdom McLaren-Honda Report
1992 Brazil Ayrton Senna United Kingdom McLaren-Honda Report
1993 Brazil Ayrton Senna United Kingdom McLaren-Ford Cosworth Report
1994 Germany Michael Schumacher United Kingdom Benetton-Ford Cosworth Report
1995 Germany Michael Schumacher United Kingdom Benetton-Renault Report
1996 France Olivier Panis France Ligier-Mugen-Honda Report
1997 Germany Michael Schumacher Italy Ferrari Report
1998 Finland Mika Häkkinen United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
1999 Germany Michael Schumacher Italy Ferrari Report
2000 United Kingdom David Coulthard United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
2001 Germany Michael Schumacher Italy Ferrari Report
2002 United Kingdom David Coulthard United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
2003 Colombia Juan Pablo Montoya United Kingdom Williams-BMW Report
2004 Italy Jarno Trulli France Renault Report
2005 Finland Kimi Räikkönen United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
2006 Spain Fernando Alonso France Renault Report
2007 Spain Fernando Alonso United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
2008 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
2009 United Kingdom Jenson Button United Kingdom Brawn-Mercedes Report
2010 Australia Mark Webber Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
2011 Germany Sebastian Vettel Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
2012 Australia Mark Webber Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
2013 Germany Nico Rosberg Germany Mercedes Report
2014 Germany Nico Rosberg Germany Mercedes Report
2015 Germany Nico Rosberg Germany Mercedes Report
2016 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Germany Mercedes Report
2017 Germany Sebastian Vettel Italy Ferrari Report
2018 Australia Daniel Ricciardo Austria Red Bull-TAG Heuer Report
2019 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Germany Mercedes Report
2020 Race Canceled Report
2021 Netherlands Max Verstappen Austria Red Bull Racing-Honda Report
2022 Mexico Sergio Pérez Austria Red Bull-RBPT Report
2023 Netherlands Max Verstappen Austria Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT Report

Multiple Winners (Drivers)[]

Wins Driver Years
6 Brazil Ayrton Senna 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
5 United Kingdom Graham Hill 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969
Germany Michael Schumacher 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001
4 France Alain Prost 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988
3 United Kingdom Stirling Moss 1956, 1960, 1961
United Kingdom Jackie Stewart 1966, 1971, 1973
Germany Nico Rosberg 2013, 2014, 2015
United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton 2008, 2016, 2019
2 Argentina Juan Manuel Fangio 1950, 1957
France Maurice Trintignant 1955, 1958
Austria Niki Lauda 1975, 1976
South Africa Jody Scheckter 1977, 1979
United Kingdom David Coulthard 2000, 2002
Spain Fernando Alonso 2006, 2007
Australia Mark Webber 2010, 2012
Germany Sebastian Vettel 2011, 2017
Netherlands Max Verstappen 2021, 2023

Multiple Winners (Constructors)[]

Wins Constructor Years won
15 United Kingdom McLaren 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998,
2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008
9 Italy Ferrari 1955, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2017
8 Germany Mercedes 1935, 1936, 1937, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019
7 United Kingdom Lotus 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1987
Austria Red Bull 2010, 2011, 2012, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023
5 United Kingdom BRM 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1972
4 France Bugatti 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933
3 Italy Alfa Romeo 1932, 1934, 1950
Italy Maserati 1948, 1956, 1957
United Kingdom Cooper 1958, 1959, 1962
United Kingdom Tyrrell 1971, 1973, 1978
United Kingdom Williams 1980, 1983, 2003
2 United Kingdom Brabham 1967, 1982
United Kingdom Benetton 1994, 1995
France Renault 2004, 2006

Wins by Country (Drivers)[]

Wins Country
17 United Kingdom Great Britain
10 Germany Germany
9 France France
6 Brazil Brazil
4 Australia Australia
3 Argentina Argentina
Austria Austria
2 Finland Finland
Italy Italy
New Zealand New Zealand
South Africa South Africa
Spain Spain
Netherlands Netherlands
1 Canada Canada
Colombia Colombia
Sweden Sweden
Mexico Mexico

Notes[]

V T E Circuits
AdelaideAidaAin-DiabAintreeAlbert ParkAlgarveAnderstorpAustinAVUSBakuBarcelonaBoavistaBrands HatchBremgartenBuddhBuenos AiresCaesars PalaceClermont-FerrandDallasDetroitDijonDoningtonEstorilFujiHanoiHockenheimHungaroringIgora DriveImolaIndianapolisInterlagosIstanbulJacarepaguáJaramaJeddahJerezKyalamiLe MansLong BeachLosailMagny-CoursMarina BayMexico CityMiamiMonsantoMonte CarloMontjuïcMont-TremblantMontrealMonzaMosportMugelloNivelles-BaulersNürburgringPaul RicardPedralbesPescaraPhoenixPort ImperialPrince GeorgeRed Bull RingReimsRiversideRouenSakhirSebringSepangShanghaiSilverstoneSochiSpa-FrancorchampsSuzukaValenciaWatkins GlenYas MarinaYeongamZandvoortZeltwegZolder
Other Circuits
BrooklandsDavidstowFioranoGoodwoodLinas-MontlhéryOntarioOulton ParkPauPosillipoRicardo TormoSnettertonSolitudeSyracuseVallelungaWestmeadLas Vegas
Bold indicates a circuit on the 2022 calendar.
The Red Bull Ring was previously known as the "A1-Ring" and before that the "Österreichring".
V T E Monaco Monaco Grand Prix
Circuits Circuit de Monaco (1929–present)
Circuit Monaco 2007
Races 19501951–1954195519561957195819591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Non-F1 races 1929193019311932193319341935193619371948
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